Assessment of the prevalence and types of substance abuse among undergraduate students in selected universities in Ogun State, Nigeria

Abstract

Objective: This study examined the prevalence and patterns of substance use among undergraduates at three universities in Ogun State, Nigeria: the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta; Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye; and Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo.

Method: A quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional survey design was employed, utilising a multi-stage sampling technique to select participants. The study targeted students aged 15–25 years who were available and willing to participate during the data collection period. Data analysis included Pearson’s chi-square (χ²) test to evaluate the significance of differences in frequency distributions.

Results: Results indicated widespread substance use, with alcohol (86.5%), cigarettes/tobacco (85.5%), and illicit drugs such as cocaine, heroin, morphine, and marijuana (78%) being the most commonly consumed. Motivations for substance use included coping with stress (79%), enhancing confidence and strength (78.5%), peer influence (68.5%), and recreational enjoyment (31%). The negative impacts of substance use were notable, including reduced academic performance (86.5%), increased cravings (85.5%), depressive symptoms (84%), feelings of euphoria (81.5%), and a perceived ability to overcome personal problems (79.5%). Furthermore, substance abuse contributed to interpersonal conflicts (41.5%) and disrupted sleep patterns (46%).

Conclusion: The findings highlight the high prevalence of substance abuse, particularly alcohol and tobacco, among university students. The study recommends developing and implementing targeted intervention programs to help students reduce and ultimately cease substance use, thereby improving their academic, mental, and physical well-being.