The effects of women's empowerment on the nutritional status of children in Nigeria using the 2018 demographic health survey

Abstract

Objectives: The empowerment of women critically influences child nutrition in Nigeria, where malnutrition remains a major public health challenge. This study examines the relationship between dimensions of women’s empowerment, economic, educational, and decision-making autonomy and child nutrition outcomes.

Methods: Using data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), a cross-sectional retrospective analysis of 41,821 women and their under-five children was conducted. The survey provided data on socio-demographic variables, women’s empowerment, and child nutrition indicators. Bivariate and multivariate regressions explored these relationships.

Results: Results showed significant disparities: 34.4% of women lacked formal education, and 92.8% earned less than their partners. Higher maternal education correlated with improved child nutrition, reducing stunting rates by 9.9%. Women’s financial autonomy and decision-making power also positively influenced nutritional outcomes, indicating that empowered women are more likely to prioritise their children’s health and nutrition.

Conclusion: The study concludes that enhancing women’s education and economic opportunities is vital for better child nutrition in Nigeria. Socio-economic factors enable improved dietary practices and healthcare access. Policymakers should prioritise female education, adult literacy, skill acquisition, microfinance opportunities, and tailored community-based health education focusing on child nutrition. Addressing regional disparities with targeted interventions and promoting shared household decision-making will significantly reduce malnutrition and improve child health outcomes in Nigeria.