Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors and Angiographic Profile of Patients with suspected coronary artery disease Undergoing Coronary Angiography in Ekiti, South-West, Nigeria

Abstract

Objective: Coronary angiography is the mainstay for the diagnosis and management of individuals with significant or fluctuating chest pain symptoms or a high risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). The prevalence of coronary artery disease is rising in sub-Saharan Africa, prompting the progressive establishment of more facilities to enhance the disease's care and prevention. Afe Babalola University Multi-System Hospital (AMSH) is one of the few centres equipped with a catheterization laboratory in Nigeria. This study was done to analyze the clinical profile and angiographic pattern of CAD among patients who had undergone this procedure at AMSH.

Methods: Seventy-five consecutive patients presenting with suspected coronary artery disease were studied for clinical characteristics, risk factors and angiographic profile.

Results: Out of 75 patients, 73.33% were male. The mean age was 59.57±13.33 years. The commonest indications were abnormal ECG changes, angina and dyspnea. Hypertension and dyslipidemia were the most prevalent risk factors (69.3% and 58.67%, respectively). The prevalence of obstructive CAD was 36%. Single-vessel disease was the most prevalent obstructive CAD (51.85%), and the left anterior descending artery was the most commonly involved vessel (40.82%). Those who had obstructive coronaries were more likely to be hypertensive and with left ventricular systolic dysfunction compared to those with non-obstructive coronaries (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Hypertension and dyslipidemia were the most prevalent risk factors among the study population, and the majority of them had a non-severe disease. Single-vessel disease is the most prevalent obstructive CAD, and the left anterior descending artery is the most commonly involved vessel.