Physical Activity and Obesity in Iraqi Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study of Social and Demographic Correlates and BMI Associations

Abstract

Objective: Given the important role physical activity (PA) plays in determining body weight, health, and overall body composition, and its relationship with body weight in adults, it is an important area of study for promoting health and fitness among adults. This study aimed to assess PA among adults, investigate the correlation between body mass index and PA, and explore variations in PA based on Social/Demographic factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 195 randomly selected and gender -stratified individuals out of 390 adults attending nutrition clinics in Al-Hilla Teaching Hospitals was conducted between December 22, 2024, to February 20, 2025. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire that included the short form of the International PA Questionnaire. Pearson’s correlation coefficients and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to examine the associations.

Results: Most of the participants were aged 20–29 years (41.5%), female (79.5%), married (60.5%), employed (48.2%), and residing in urban areas (75.9%). The overall evaluation of the PA level among the participants was moderate. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between BMI and (PA) (r = -0.392; p < 0.001. Nearly half of the sample fell under the "Obesity" category (47.7%), with BMI values ≥30. Variations in PA were observed based on gender and occupation, but not for age or marital status.

Conclusion: Physical activity was negatively correlated with body mass index. Gender and occupation significantly influence Physical activity levels, indicating the need for targeted interventions among females and unemployed adults to achieve an ideal weight and reduce obesity.