Common sleep disorders and their sociodemographic and clinical determinants among patients attending a primary care clinic in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria

Abstract

Objective: This study set out to determine the prevalence of common sleep disorders among the study population and the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with them.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over three months at outpatient clinics, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, North Central Nigeria.  Data were collected from 405 respondents using the Global Sleep Assessment Questionnaire to screen for sleep disorders. The questionnaire was interviewer-administered, and data were analysed using the SPSS 23 Statistical package.

Result: In this study, insomnia (55.6%) was found to be the most common type of sleep disorder and was more prevalent among older age groups. Pain (OR=2.8, CI=1.9-4.3), (OR=1.6, CI= 1.0-2.4), and diabetes mellitus (OR=2.2, CI= 1.1-4.1), (OR=2.1, CI=1.1-3.9) were significant predictors of insomnia. and obstructive sleep apnoea, respectively. On the other hand, male gender (OR=2.2, CI=1.5- 3.5), diabetes mellitus (OR=2.1, CI=1.1- 3.9), and hypertension (OR=1.5, CI=1.0- 2.3) were predictors of excessive daytime sleepiness.

Conclusion: Sleep disorders are common among outpatients, with insomnia as the leading cause. Pain, diabetes, and hypertension are major predictors of these sleep disorders. Patients with these conditions should be screened for sleep disorders to provide comprehensive treatment. Proper management of pain, hypertension, and diabetes may reduce the occurrence of sleep disorders.